- Open Control Panel.
- Double Click on "Power Options" icon. This will open "Power Options Properties" Dialog.
- Click on "Hibernate" tab.
- Check the "Enable Hibernation" checkbox.
- Click on "OK" button.
- Now whenever you want to Hibernate your PC, go to Start Menu, and click on "Shut Down" or "Turn Off PC" option.
- It will show some options like "Stand By", "Turn Off" and "Restart".
- Press and hold
key on your keyboard. This will change the Stand By Option to Hibernate. You can also do the same by pressing key. - Click on Hibernate option. Now your PC will take some seconds to Hibernate.
- Switch off your PC.
- Now whenever you want to use your PC, Switch it ON, and your PC will be ready with all the files that were open before hibernating the PC.
Monday, March 26, 2007
How can I Hibernate my Computer?
Follow these Steps:
Sunday, March 25, 2007
What are the Merits / Advantages and Demerits / Disadvantages of Cement/Concrete Flooring?
Merits/Advantages:
1.It is non absorbent and it is useful for water stores.
2.It is durable and hence it is commonly used in kitchen, bathrooms, schools, hospitals, drawing rooms, etc.
3.It is smooth and pleasing in appearance.
4.It is economical and has the advantage of costlier types of floors.
5.It possesses good wearing properties.
6.It can be easily maintained.
7.It is fire resistant.
Demerits/Disadvantages:
1.Defects in carelessly made floor cannot be rectified and requires proper attention while laying.
2.It cannot be repaired by patch work.
1.It is non absorbent and it is useful for water stores.
2.It is durable and hence it is commonly used in kitchen, bathrooms, schools, hospitals, drawing rooms, etc.
3.It is smooth and pleasing in appearance.
4.It is economical and has the advantage of costlier types of floors.
5.It possesses good wearing properties.
6.It can be easily maintained.
7.It is fire resistant.
Demerits/Disadvantages:
1.Defects in carelessly made floor cannot be rectified and requires proper attention while laying.
2.It cannot be repaired by patch work.
Where is Cement/Concrete Flooring found?
It is suitable for residential, commercial, industrial and public buildings of all types.
It is found in countries like India and else where. E.g. White House, Parliament of India, Etc
It is found in countries like India and else where. E.g. White House, Parliament of India, Etc
How to construct Cement Concrete Flooring?
Method of laying the cement concrete flooring on floor of a building can be broadly divided in the following steps:
- Preparation of Sub Base:
The earth filling in plinth is consolidated thoroughly so as to ensure that no loose pockets are left in the whole area. A 10 cm to 15 am thick layer of clean coarse sand is then spread over the whole area. The sand layer is consolidated and dressed to the required level and slope. - Laying of Base Concrete:
The base concrete used under floors may be cement concrete or lime concrete laid to a thickness varying 7.5cm to 10cm. In case of cement concrete the mix commonly used 1:5:10 (where 1 cements: 5 sand: 10 stone or brick burnt aggregates with 40mm nominal size). The base concrete layer is deposited over the whole area, thoroughly tamped and leveled to a rough surface. - Laying Topping:
The base concrete layer should be fully set and hardened
Then the surface is thoroughly cleaned
The entire area is divided into rectangular or square panels by use of 4m thick glass strips or 5mm thick plain asbestos strips.
The size of the panel is basically governed by the location of the floor, temperature and other climatic conditions, thickness of the topping and proportions of ingredients in concrete mix.
In general the area of one such panel should not be preferably being more than 2 sq.
The surface of base concrete coated with cement slurry ensures adequate bond between the base and the topping.
The cement concrete topping, normally consisting of 1:2:4 (1 cement: 2 sand: 4 stone aggregate) is then laid in required thickness in one operation in the panel.
The cement spread evenly by using a straight edge and the surface is thoroughly tamped and floated with wooden floats till the cream of the mortar comes at the top.
The surface is then smoothened and finished by means of steel trowels.
In case glass or plain asbestos strips are not required, the panels are formed by use of wooden or angle iron battens.
The prepared surface is protected from sunlight, rain and other damages for 12 to 20 hours. The surface is then properly cured for a period of 7-14 days.
What are the Merits / Advantages and Demerits / Disadvantages of Mud Flooring?
Merits / Advantages:
1.It is cheap
2.It is hard
3.It is fairly impervious
4.It is easy in construction
5.It is easy to maintain
6.It remains warm in winter and cold in cold in summer and hence most suitable for places where the temperature is extreme during these seasons.
Demerits / Disadvantages:
1.It is only well suited for small towns and villages.
1.It is cheap
2.It is hard
3.It is fairly impervious
4.It is easy in construction
5.It is easy to maintain
6.It remains warm in winter and cold in cold in summer and hence most suitable for places where the temperature is extreme during these seasons.
Demerits / Disadvantages:
1.It is only well suited for small towns and villages.
Where(which places) is Mud Flooring found?
It is found in tropical country like India.
Since these floors remain warm in winter and cold in summer. These are most suitable for the places where the temperature is extreme during these seasons. These are commonly used in small villages and towns of India. E.g.Small towns in TamilNadu, Karnataka. Andhra Pradesh. Etc.
Since these floors remain warm in winter and cold in summer. These are most suitable for the places where the temperature is extreme during these seasons. These are commonly used in small villages and towns of India. E.g.Small towns in TamilNadu, Karnataka. Andhra Pradesh. Etc.
How to construct Mud Flooring?
Firstly, the floor bed should be well prepared.
A 25 cm thick layer of selected moist earth is evenly spread out and is rammed well so as to get a consolidated thick ness of about 15 cm.
It is important that no water is used during the process of ramming.
In order to prevent the formation of cracks after drying, chopped straw in small quantity is mixed with the moist earth before ramming.
The floor is maintained by giving a thin cement cow dung wash (1:2 to 1:3) once or twice a week.
A 25 cm thick layer of selected moist earth is evenly spread out and is rammed well so as to get a consolidated thick ness of about 15 cm.
It is important that no water is used during the process of ramming.
In order to prevent the formation of cracks after drying, chopped straw in small quantity is mixed with the moist earth before ramming.
The floor is maintained by giving a thin cement cow dung wash (1:2 to 1:3) once or twice a week.
How to dress as a Perfect Man?
The Secret of Your Face
Your face is your centerpiece of style. Job one is to draw attention to it.A man's primary color signposts are his complexion and his hair color.So the colors of an ensemble should have the same level of contrast as the contrast between his skin tone and his hair color.For example, if you're light-skinned and dark-haired, you should favor the same high contrast between the color of your tie and the color of your shirt or whatever garments you're wearing right below your face.If, conversely, you're a low-contrast guy--say, blond hair and pale skin or dark hair and dark skin--you want low contrast in the shirt-jacket-tie triangle.
The Eyes Have It
Why? Because a high-contrast face surrounded by low-contrast clothes is like a framed painting without the bottom edge of the frame. It encourages a girl’s eye to drift southward, away from the artwork that is your face. If you frame a low-contrast face with high-contrast clothes, her gaze will wander toward the dominant clothes and away from the raw sexual power in your eyes.
Color
Hold clothes up near your face to see which colors flatter you. If you've got a pinkish complexion, a red/maroon tie or pocket square will sharpen focus on your face. If your hair is blond or your skin brown, favor warm gold, rusts, browns. Wear sunglasses, no matter what the season, and scarves, whenever you can get away with them. Anything around the neck or above will draw attention to your face.
How to wear a belt with shorts
The trick is to move away from heavy black or braided leather belts. With shorts, make the belt an extension of your casual look. Try a tan distressed-leather belt like Polo's O-ring or saddle belt. One of these will keep your pants on--as long as you want them to stay on. A belt that doesn't fit turns you into a human sausage.If u had been wearing the same belt for 15 years, the one you bought when you were 15 pounds lighter? Make sure the old hole isn't stretched or misshapen. If your belt lacks luster or appears worn, toss it. Try a shiny, rich brown alligator-skin belt with a gold buckle. You can also wear silver buckle and black leather. The most versatile width is 1 3/16 inches. The best belts have five holes; if yours isn't buckled in the middle, it's too long or too short.
Dress Taller
Muted, dark-toned ensembles blur your silhouette, creating a long look. Make sure your suit jacket covers your butt without extending much farther down, a shorter jacket will emphasize the line of your legs, making you appear taller. Conversely, a jacket that's too long will shrink your legs.
Dress Trimmer
Okay, you've logged the gym time, and you want to show off what you've built. Just don't go too crazy flaunting your musculature. Fine-gauge fabrics such as linen knits, lightweight cashmere, and high-quality Egyptian or pima cotton will show off your upper torso; boot-cut jeans, which are slimmer through the seat and legs, are great for the lower body.
Dress Smaller
Imposing men can loom a bit less if they contrast colors on the top and bottom, visually splitting the body--the opposite of the single-color effect. So, unlike the man who's trying to appear taller, you can effectively wear a white or colorful shirt with darker pants. You can also create a wider frame with horizontal stripes or patterns, which add perpendicular lines to your verticals.
Dress Thinner
The strong contrast in a black-and-white outfit draws the eye to your face--and away from any out-of-control flesh that might be gathered around your middle. Wearing a single dark color on top and bottom shaves off a few pounds and lengthens you. If you have a full face, wear open-collared shirts or V-necks, which add an angular look. Crew collars and turtlenecks only add to the jack-o'-lantern effect.
Dress Bigger
Wear a T-shirt under an open-collared dress shirt and vest, and put a sport coat on top of that. A range of jackets, including natural-shouldered tweeds in earthy colors, is also a must-have for the man who wants to look beefier.
How to Travel Light and Wise ?
Travel Light and Wise
Try as much as possible to have garments that complement each other so that they can all be worn in different combinations. You can carry a pair of jeans with two or three shirts or t-shirts that go with them- its good as carrying three sets of clothes; or pants could be those with zips at the knee that can be converted into shorts.
Carry clothes that are light weighted, washable and wrinklefree.
Dark colored clothes are better during journeys as the dirt doesn't get too prominent.
Make sure that the outfits you choose breathe comfort.
Carry comfortable shoes. If you're travelling for a special occasion, carry your party shoes,else, a pair of walking shoes will do
To combat the cold, dont forget your pullover or a shawl- its good if the color matches with most of the clothes that you will be carrying, though !
Cosmetics and Toiletries should be neatly packed away in a seperate pouch, just to avoid soiling of your clothes, in case of spillage.
Keep accessories and valuables to the minimum.
Try as much as possible to have garments that complement each other so that they can all be worn in different combinations. You can carry a pair of jeans with two or three shirts or t-shirts that go with them- its good as carrying three sets of clothes; or pants could be those with zips at the knee that can be converted into shorts.
Carry clothes that are light weighted, washable and wrinklefree.
Dark colored clothes are better during journeys as the dirt doesn't get too prominent.
Make sure that the outfits you choose breathe comfort.
Carry comfortable shoes. If you're travelling for a special occasion, carry your party shoes,else, a pair of walking shoes will do
To combat the cold, dont forget your pullover or a shawl- its good if the color matches with most of the clothes that you will be carrying, though !
Cosmetics and Toiletries should be neatly packed away in a seperate pouch, just to avoid soiling of your clothes, in case of spillage.
Keep accessories and valuables to the minimum.
What is Laugh and Cry?
LeArN tO LaUgH N WeEp.
If you really want to laugh you will have to learn how to weep. If you cannot weep and if you are not capable of tears, you will become incapable of laughter. A man of laughter is also a man of tears- then a man is balanced. A man of bliss is also a man of silence. A man who is ecstatic is also a man who is centered. They both go together. And out of this togetherness of polarities a balanced being is born. And that is what the goal is.
If you really want to laugh you will have to learn how to weep. If you cannot weep and if you are not capable of tears, you will become incapable of laughter. A man of laughter is also a man of tears- then a man is balanced. A man of bliss is also a man of silence. A man who is ecstatic is also a man who is centered. They both go together. And out of this togetherness of polarities a balanced being is born. And that is what the goal is.
What is prayer?
PrAyEr iS SpOnTaNeOuS
Prayer is not a technique; it is not a ritual, not a formality. There is no pattern to it. It is a spontaneous outpouring of the heart, so don’t ask how, because there is no how and there cannot be any how to it. Whatsoever happens in the moment is right. Is tears come, good. If you sing, good. If you dance, good. If nothing comes, simply remain silent. Because prayer is not in the expression; it is not in the container, it is in the content. Sometimes silence is a prayer, sometimes singing prayer. It depends on you; it depends on your heart.
Prayer is not a technique; it is not a ritual, not a formality. There is no pattern to it. It is a spontaneous outpouring of the heart, so don’t ask how, because there is no how and there cannot be any how to it. Whatsoever happens in the moment is right. Is tears come, good. If you sing, good. If you dance, good. If nothing comes, simply remain silent. Because prayer is not in the expression; it is not in the container, it is in the content. Sometimes silence is a prayer, sometimes singing prayer. It depends on you; it depends on your heart.
How to feel myself?
Feel "I am"
I am existing. Go deep into this feeling. Just sitting, go deep into this feeling ― I am existing, I am. Feel it, don't think it, because you can say it in the mind ― I AM ― and it is futile. Your head is your undoing. Don’t go on repeating in the head I am, I am existing. It is futile, it is useless. You miss the point.Feel it deep down in your bones. Feel it all over your body. Feel it as a total unit, not in the head. Just feel it ― I am. Don’t use the words “I am”.Don’t make it a mantra, and sitting, don’t say, “I am existing.” There is no need. Everyone knows, and you know already that you are existing; there is no need, it is futile. Feel it ― I am existing. Feeling is a different thing, totally different.Try it. And you can do it anywhere. Just riding on a bus, or traveling in a train, or just sitting, or lying down on your bed, try to feel existence as it is; don’t think about it.When you start feeling existence, the whole world becomes alive to you in a totally new way; you have not known it. Then you pass through the same street and the street is not the same, because now you are grounded in existence. You meet the same friends but they are not the same, because you are different.When you are rooted, you are one with the whole, and the existence exists for you. You are not a beggar; you become an emperor suddenly.And while feeling this, don’t create a limit to it. Feel it illimitably. Don’t create a boundary to it; there is none. It ends nowhere. The world begins nowhere; the world ends nowhere. Existence has no beginning and no end. You also don’t have any beginning; you also don’t have any end.
I am existing. Go deep into this feeling. Just sitting, go deep into this feeling ― I am existing, I am. Feel it, don't think it, because you can say it in the mind ― I AM ― and it is futile. Your head is your undoing. Don’t go on repeating in the head I am, I am existing. It is futile, it is useless. You miss the point.Feel it deep down in your bones. Feel it all over your body. Feel it as a total unit, not in the head. Just feel it ― I am. Don’t use the words “I am”.Don’t make it a mantra, and sitting, don’t say, “I am existing.” There is no need. Everyone knows, and you know already that you are existing; there is no need, it is futile. Feel it ― I am existing. Feeling is a different thing, totally different.Try it. And you can do it anywhere. Just riding on a bus, or traveling in a train, or just sitting, or lying down on your bed, try to feel existence as it is; don’t think about it.When you start feeling existence, the whole world becomes alive to you in a totally new way; you have not known it. Then you pass through the same street and the street is not the same, because now you are grounded in existence. You meet the same friends but they are not the same, because you are different.When you are rooted, you are one with the whole, and the existence exists for you. You are not a beggar; you become an emperor suddenly.And while feeling this, don’t create a limit to it. Feel it illimitably. Don’t create a boundary to it; there is none. It ends nowhere. The world begins nowhere; the world ends nowhere. Existence has no beginning and no end. You also don’t have any beginning; you also don’t have any end.
How to confess my love?
WaYz To SaY, "I LoVe YoU!"
Share all aspects of your life.
Write love comments on the morning newspaper.
Be "in the mood."
Spray your love letters with perfume.
Imagine you are the only two people in the world.
Sneak an afternoon nap together.
Slip your own message inside your love's fortune cookie.
Look for the good in your love.
Do his/her laundry.
Send flowers to his/her office.
Leave a love note hidden under the pillow.
Wash his/her car.
Browse through old photos of the two of you.
Make a practice of long kisses.
Cultivate trust by always being honest.
Help him/her on and off with his/her coat.
Give books of romantic poetry.
Stage your own kissing marathon.
Enjoy a picnic among fountains in an urban plaza setting.
Buy your mate a gold coin from the year you met.
Surprise your mate with twenty-six gifts from A to Z that begin with each of the letters of the alphabet.
Remind all your mate's friends to send them a card on their birthday.
Be attentive to your mate's needs.
Pick up her/his shirts at the cleaners.
Always treat your mate as your lover.
Flirt with each other constantly.
Be the first to jump out of bed to make coffee in the morning.
Be adventurous with a home cooked ethnic meal from your mate's background.
Show your mate you care about their background and learn all you can about their ethnic history.
Send a small evergreen tree with a note stating your pining for them.
Give her/him a medal for being the very best.
Blow kisses.
Hold hands in public.
Workout together.
Eat junk food by candlelight.
Write "I Love You" on the top of the butter with a toothpick.
Write "I Love You" in red lipstick across the bathroom mirror.
Place a rose inside his/her morning paper.
Invite your mate over for breakfast.
Offer to share the driving on long road trips.
Learn to give a great back massage.
Be playful with each other.
Finger paint a romantic masterpiece together.
Give a four leaf-clover on the eve of a big event for good luck.
Place red Christmas lights on plants for February 14th.
Take a moonlit walk on Sunday to start off the week right.
Treat his/her to a shopping spree at a lingerie shop.
Treat her/him and his/her buddies to an afternoon at a sports bar for the big game.
Help him/her pick out his/her ties.
Snuggle often.
Listen with your heart as well as your head.
Smile at each other often.
Rent his/her favorite movie.
Shampoo, blow dry and brush his/her hair.
Do his/her laundry and iron his/her clothes.
Write love letters at least monthly.
Serve breakfast in bed.
Have a special knock that only the two of you know.
Put a note in a romance novel saying, "The story is great but our own love story is better."Hire a maid for your not-so-tidy mate.
Carve your initials on a fence.
Ask questions about your mate's day.
Send a valentine in January to get the year rolling.
How to knack off Anger?
KnAcKiNg AnGeR
When you feel hateful, think of love. When you feel desire, think of desirelessness and the silence that comes in it. Whatsoever the case, bring the opposite in and watch what happens within you. Once you know the knack of it, you have become a master.
Now you have the key: any moment anger can be changed into compassion, any moment hate can be turned into love, any moment sadness can become ecstasy. Suffering can become bliss because suffering has the same energy as the bliss; the energy is not different. You just have to know how to channel it.
What is 50 Calorie Portion?
50 Calorie Portions
1 large tomato
2 cucumbers
1 onion
1 small ear of corn
1 head of lettuce
1 strip of bacon
1 fish piece
1 pat of butter
1 pat of margarine
1 cup strawberries
1 large peach
1 chocolate cream
1 tbsp sugar
1 tbsp jam
1 tbsp jelly
1 tbsp cream cheese
½ tbsp Russian dressing
3 apricots
3 small carrots
4 potato crisps
1 cup stewed tomatoes
1 cup beetroot
1 ½ tbsp gravy
1 tbsp chopped peanuts
1 tbsp chopped walnuts
2 tbsp whipped cream
2 sticks chewing gum
1 wedge melon
12 small gum drops
2 cups cauliflower
2 cups cooked celery
1 cup rice
3 crackers
1 cup carrot juice
1 large tomato
2 cucumbers
1 onion
1 small ear of corn
1 head of lettuce
1 strip of bacon
1 fish piece
1 pat of butter
1 pat of margarine
1 cup strawberries
1 large peach
1 chocolate cream
1 tbsp sugar
1 tbsp jam
1 tbsp jelly
1 tbsp cream cheese
½ tbsp Russian dressing
3 apricots
3 small carrots
4 potato crisps
1 cup stewed tomatoes
1 cup beetroot
1 ½ tbsp gravy
1 tbsp chopped peanuts
1 tbsp chopped walnuts
2 tbsp whipped cream
2 sticks chewing gum
1 wedge melon
12 small gum drops
2 cups cauliflower
2 cups cooked celery
1 cup rice
3 crackers
1 cup carrot juice
How to relax your eyes?
Eye Exercises:
You can exercise your eyes anytime during the day. But the best time is early in the morning when your eyes are absolutely unstrained.
Without moving your head, raise your eyes to the ceiling and then to the floor. Repeat it ten times. Rest your eyes either by blinking rapidly or covering them with your palms.
Look straight ahead at eye level, then slowly to the left side at eye level and then to the right side at eye level. Repeat three or four times. Rest the eyes.
Make a circular movement with your eyes, first clockwise and then anti clockwise. Repeat five times each way and rest your eyes.
How to cure Pimples?
Treatment for Pimples:
Cut a few onions and cook in lard until they become transparent. When cool, they should be applied on pimples in poultice form by tying the mixture in muslin.
Washing soap applied to pimples dries them up. Camphor is supposed to have an excellent soothing and drying effect on pimples. A bottle of spirits of camphor should be kept handy for people with pimples. Keep patting it on pimples. If a head has already formed, put hot towel on pimples again and again till it comes out. Then, pat on some camphor.
How to prevent Dry Hair/Scalp?
Tips for Dry Hair/Scalp:
Dry Hair or Scalp happens when the oil glands doesn’t produce sufficient oil to keep your hair smooth and shiny. Dry hair/scalp should be prevented from the exposure to the sun and strong winds. Sometimes Hair becomes dry because of perming, coloring, back combing and when using hair spray. Use Luke warm water and a mild shampoo. Do not use a strong hair dryer. Vigorous brushing helps to distribute natural oil down the hair length. Sometimes, dry hair is the result of ill health. In that case a doctor should be consulted.
Detergents and coconut oil shampoos should never be used for dry hair. Rub castor oil into the scalp at night at least twice a week to make dry hair shiny and smooth. A massage of warm olive oil also helps dry hair. A paste of Multani Mitti (Fuller’s Earth) mixed with a little hair oil massaged gently into the scalp also helps dry hair.
Dry Hair or Scalp happens when the oil glands doesn’t produce sufficient oil to keep your hair smooth and shiny. Dry hair/scalp should be prevented from the exposure to the sun and strong winds. Sometimes Hair becomes dry because of perming, coloring, back combing and when using hair spray. Use Luke warm water and a mild shampoo. Do not use a strong hair dryer. Vigorous brushing helps to distribute natural oil down the hair length. Sometimes, dry hair is the result of ill health. In that case a doctor should be consulted.
Detergents and coconut oil shampoos should never be used for dry hair. Rub castor oil into the scalp at night at least twice a week to make dry hair shiny and smooth. A massage of warm olive oil also helps dry hair. A paste of Multani Mitti (Fuller’s Earth) mixed with a little hair oil massaged gently into the scalp also helps dry hair.
What do you mean by Flooring?
“Flooring is the general term for a covering of a floor”.
“Flooring is the horizontal area in any floor of the building. It is actually the space used by the occupants for moving about in the building”.
“Flooring is the horizontal area in any floor of the building. It is actually the space used by the occupants for moving about in the building”.
How to prevent Hair Loss?
Tips for preventing Hair Loss:
Bleaching, Coloring, Perming and other styling should be avoided.
Juice of lemon rubbed on the scalp helps to prevent hair loss. Alternate applications of castor oil and iodine for four days are supposed to be an excellent remedy for falling hair.
On the first and third day, apply white iodine into your hair with cotton wool. On the second and fourth day, massage your scalp with castor oil. On the fourth day, after the oil massage , wrap your head in a very hot towel. Keep changing the towels for about fifteen minutes. This treatment gives quick results.
Bleaching, Coloring, Perming and other styling should be avoided.
Juice of lemon rubbed on the scalp helps to prevent hair loss. Alternate applications of castor oil and iodine for four days are supposed to be an excellent remedy for falling hair.
On the first and third day, apply white iodine into your hair with cotton wool. On the second and fourth day, massage your scalp with castor oil. On the fourth day, after the oil massage , wrap your head in a very hot towel. Keep changing the towels for about fifteen minutes. This treatment gives quick results.
What are the characteristics of a good Flooring?
Any floor should have the following general characteristics
- The floor should be strong and durable.
- It should have an aesthetic look
- It should be free from dampness
- It should be economical and should have low maintenance cost
- It should be fire resistant
- It should provide a smooth and non slippery surface.
- It should have good sound insulation properties
Saturday, March 24, 2007
What are different types of Flooring?
Mud flooring
Cement concrete flooring
Tiled flooring
Terrazzo flooring
Linoleum flooring
Brick flooring
Stone flooring
Granolithic flooring
Timber flooring
Asphalt flooring
Epoxy resin flooring
Muram flooring
Flag stone flooring
Rubber flooring
Acid proof flooring
Marble flooring
Glass flooring
Cork flooring
Plastic or PVC flooring
Carpet flooring
Mosaic flooring
Ceramic flooring
Laminate flooring
Vinyl flooring
Arc Rugs flooring
Bamboo flooring
Cement concrete flooring
Tiled flooring
Terrazzo flooring
Linoleum flooring
Brick flooring
Stone flooring
Granolithic flooring
Timber flooring
Asphalt flooring
Epoxy resin flooring
Muram flooring
Flag stone flooring
Rubber flooring
Acid proof flooring
Marble flooring
Glass flooring
Cork flooring
Plastic or PVC flooring
Carpet flooring
Mosaic flooring
Ceramic flooring
Laminate flooring
Vinyl flooring
Arc Rugs flooring
Bamboo flooring
Thursday, March 22, 2007
How can I send big video/audio files via Email?
Generally, we zip the files to compress and send via email. But when we zip video or audio files, then their size is not reduced to a large extent, hence making it difficult to send via email.
You can try the following steps to compress those files more effectively:
You can try the following steps to compress those files more effectively:
- Change the extension of the file to .txt
- zip the file: Now the file will be compressed to a much larger extent :)
- Send the zipped file via email
- Download the file from email
- Extract the file
- Change the extension of the file from .txt to the original extension
What is IP Address?
IP: Internet Protocol
IP address is a unique identification number given to each and every machine connected to internet. IP addresses are normally expressed in decimal format as a dotted decimal number eg. 216.17.23.123
The 4 numbers separated by dots in an IP address are called "octets". The name octets comes from the fact that each number is represented by 8-binary digits. So, the IP address is a 32-bit(8+8+8+8) number.
IP address is a unique identification number given to each and every machine connected to internet. IP addresses are normally expressed in decimal format as a dotted decimal number eg. 216.17.23.123
The 4 numbers separated by dots in an IP address are called "octets". The name octets comes from the fact that each number is represented by 8-binary digits. So, the IP address is a 32-bit(8+8+8+8) number.
What are the different types of Airbags used in Vehicles for safety purpose?
2-types of Air Bags are available:
- Frontal Air Bags.
- Side-Imapct Air Bags.
1- Frontal Air Bags: 2-types: Driver Frontal Airbag & Passenger Frontal Airbag. These air bag systems automatically determine with what level of power, these airbags will inflate. The appropiate level of power is based on sensor inputs that detect Occupant size, Seat position, Seat belt use, and the Crash severity.
2- Side-Impact Air Bags(SABs): These are designed to protect your head or chest in the event of a serious crash involving the side of your vehicle. 3-main types: Chest(or torso) SABs, Head SABs, and Head/Chest combination(combo) SABs.
Wednesday, March 21, 2007
Which is the National Flower of India?
LOTUS: The Lotus or waterlily is an aquatic plant of Nymphaea with broad floating leaves and bright fragrant flowers that grow only in shallow waters. The leaves and flowers float and have long stems that contain air spaces. The big attractive flowers have many petals overlapping in a symmetrical pattern. The root functions are carried out by rhizomes that fan out horizontally through the mud below the water. Lotuses, prized for their serene beauty, are delightful to behold as their blossoms open on the surface of a pond. In India the sacred lotus is legendary and much folklore and religious mythology is woven around
Which is the National Tree of India?
BANYAN: Indian fig tree, Ficus bengalensis, whose branches root themselves like new trees over a large area. The roots then give rise to more trunks and branches. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of the myths and legends of India. Even today, the banyan tree is the focal point of village life and the village council meets under the shade of this tree.
Which is the National Fruit of India?
MANGO: A fleshy fruit, eaten ripe or used green for pickles etc., of the tree Mangifera indica, the mango is one of the most important and widely cultivated fruits of the tropical world. Its juicy fruit is a rich source of Vitamins A, C and D. In India there are over 100 varieties of mangoes, in different sizes, shapes and colours. Mangoes, have been cultivated in India from time immemorial. The poet Kalidasa sang its praises. Alexander the great savoured its taste, as did the Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang. Akbar planted 100,000 mango trees in Darbhanga, known as Lakhiba
Which is the National Animal of India?
TIGER: Large Asiatic carnivorous feline quadruped Panthera Tigris, maneless, of tawny yellow colour with blackish transverse stripes and white belly, proverbial for its power and its magnificence. There are very few tigers left in the world today. A decade ago the tiger population in India had dwindled to a few hundreds. The Government of India, under its Project Tiger programme, started a massive effort to preserve the tiger population . Today, thanks to Project Tiger, India’s population of tigers is in a comfortable position.
Which is the National Bird of India?
PEACOCK: Male bird of species P.cristatus, is a native of India, with striking plumage and upper tail converts marked with iridescent ocelli, able to expand its tail erect like fan as ostentatious display. Peacocks are related to pheasants. Found wild in India (and also domesticated in villages) they live in jungle lands near water. They were once bred for food but now hunting of peacocks is banned in India. The peahen has no plumage. These birds do not sound as beautiful as they look— they have a harsh call.
What is an ATM?
ATM: Automated Teller Machine
It is a computerised telecommunications device which is commonly used nowadays all over the world for Banking Related Transactions in a public space.
The user has to first insert his ATM card into the machine and then enter his PIN(Personal Identification Number) number for security reasons.
By using an ATM, bank customers can access their accounts, make cash withdrawals, check the bank balance, check last transactions, pay credit card bill, pay bills, or purchase goods and services.
ATMs were first introduced by Barclays Bank.
It is a computerised telecommunications device which is commonly used nowadays all over the world for Banking Related Transactions in a public space.
The user has to first insert his ATM card into the machine and then enter his PIN(Personal Identification Number) number for security reasons.
By using an ATM, bank customers can access their accounts, make cash withdrawals, check the bank balance, check last transactions, pay credit card bill, pay bills, or purchase goods and services.
ATMs were first introduced by Barclays Bank.
Who was King Akbar?
Akbar "The Great" [1542-1605], was one of the greatest rulers in Indian history. He was born when Humayun and his first wife, Hamida Bano, were fugitives escaping towards Iran. It was during these wanderings that Akbar was born in Umerkot, Sindh, on November 23, 1542. Legend has it that Humayun prophesied a bright future for his son, and thus accordingly, named him Akbar.Akbar was raised in the rugged country of Afghanistan rather than amongst the splendor of the Delhi court. He spent his youth learning to hunt, run, and fight and never found time to read or write. He was the only great Mughal ruler who was illiterate. Despite this, he had a great desire for knowledge. This led him not only to maintain an extensive library but also to learn. Akbar had his books read out to him by his courtiers. Therefore, even though unable to read, Akbar was as knowledgeable as the most learned of scholars.Akbar came to throne in 1556, after the death of his father, Humayun. At that time, Akbar was only 13 years old. Akbar was the only Mughal king to ascend to the throne without the customary war of succession; as his brother Muhammad Hakim was too feeble to offer any resistance.
During the first five years of his rule, Akbar was assisted and advised by Bahram Khan in running the affairs of the country. Bahram Khan was, however, removed and for a few years Akbar ruled under the influence of his nurse Maham Anga. After 1562, Akbar freed himself from external influences and ruled supreme.
Who was King Ashoka?
273 - 232 BC
In the history of the world there have been thousands of kings and emperors who called themselves 'Their Highnesses', 'Their Majesties' and 'Their Exalted Majesties' and so on. They shone for a brief moment, and as quickly disappeared. But Ashoka shines and shines brightly like a bright star, even unto this day. So wrote H.G. Wells, British historian and noble seeker of the truth about mankind's tumultuous past.
Ashoka was anointed the new emperor or ruler of the Mauryan Empire in 274 BCE. His grandfather, Chandragupta, had set out to conquer the weaker surrounding kingdoms to expand the territory of his people in 324 BCE, and was the first to rule over a unified India. Ashoka's father, Bindusara, established a reign much the same as his father's, controlling a larger kingdom than ever before known. When Bindusara became gravely ill, Ashoka succeeded him, although one hundred of his other brothers were mysteriously murdered. Many historians believe Ashoka had his own brothers eliminated so that he could succeed his father.
Ashoka's reign as emperor began with a series of wars and bloodshed, culminating in the Kalinga War of 260 BC. The mammoth loss of life and suffering witnessed on the battlefield made him turn away from war. He subsequently became deeply influenced by Buddhism, and adopted the dharma, which consists of basic virtuous teachings that can be practiced by all men regardless of social origins. "Dharma" is derived from the Sanskrit word for "duty".
Which are the various religions found in India?
Hinduism: The Hindu religion had its origin in the concepts of the early Aryans who came to India more than 4000 years ago. It is not merely a religion but also a philosophy and a way of life. It does not originate in the teachings of any one prophet or holy book. It respects other religions and does not attempt to seek converts. It teaches the immortality of the human soul and three principal paths to ultimate union of the individual soul with the all pervasive spirit. The essence of Hindu faith is embodied in the Lord's Song, the Bhagavad Gita: "He who considers this (self) as a slayer or he who thinks that this (self) is slain, neither knows the Truth. For it does not slay, nor is it slain. This (self) is unborn, eternal, changeless, ancient, it is never destroyed even when the body is destroyed."
Jainism and Buddhism: In the sixth century before Christ, Mahavira propagated Jainism. Its message was asceticism, austerity and non violence. At about the same time, Buddhism came into being. Gautama Buddha, a prince, renounced the world and gained enlightenment. He preached that `Nirvana' was to be attained through the conquest of self. Buddha's teachings in time spread to china and some other countries of South East Asia.
Islam: Arab traders brought Islam to South India in the seventh century. After them came the Afghans and the Moghuls, among whom the most enlightened was the Emperor Akbar. Akbar almost succeeded in founding a new religion Din-e-Elahi, based on both Hinduism and Islam, but it found few adherents.Islam has flourished in India through the centuries. Muslim citizens have occupied some of the highest positions in the country since independence in 1947.
Sikhism: Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism in the 15th century stressed the unity of God and the brotherhood of man. Sikhism, with its affirmation of God as the one supreme truth and its ideals of discipline and spiritual striving, soon won many followers. It was perhaps possible only in this hospitable land that two religions as diverse as Hinduism and Islam could come together in a third, namely Sikhism.
Christianity: Christianity reached India not long after Christ's own lifetime, with the arrival of St. Thomas, the Apostle. The Syrian Christian Church in the south traces its roots to the visit of St. Thomas. With the arrival of St. Francis Xavier in 1542 the Roman Catholic faith was established in India. Today Christians of several denominations practice their faith freely.
Zoroastrianism: In the days of the old Persian empire, Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion in West Asia, and in the form of Mithraism, it spread over vast areas of the Roman empire, as far as Britain. After the Islamic conquest of Iran, a few intrepid Zoroastrians left their homeland and sought refuge in India. The first group is said to have reached Diu in about 766 AD. Their total world population probably does not exceed 130,000. With the exception of some 10,000 in Iran, almost all of them live in India, the vast majority concentrated in Bombay. The Parsees excel in industry and commerce, and contribute richly to the intellectual and artistic life of the nation.
Judaism: Jewish contact with the Malabar Coast in Kerala, dates back to 973 BC when King Solomon's merchant fleet began trading for spices and other fabled treasures. Scholars say that the Jews first settled in Cranganore, soon after the Babylonian conquest of Judea in 586 BC. The immigrants were well received and a Hindu king granted to Joseph Rabban, a Jewish leader, a tittle and a principality.
Jainism and Buddhism: In the sixth century before Christ, Mahavira propagated Jainism. Its message was asceticism, austerity and non violence. At about the same time, Buddhism came into being. Gautama Buddha, a prince, renounced the world and gained enlightenment. He preached that `Nirvana' was to be attained through the conquest of self. Buddha's teachings in time spread to china and some other countries of South East Asia.
Islam: Arab traders brought Islam to South India in the seventh century. After them came the Afghans and the Moghuls, among whom the most enlightened was the Emperor Akbar. Akbar almost succeeded in founding a new religion Din-e-Elahi, based on both Hinduism and Islam, but it found few adherents.Islam has flourished in India through the centuries. Muslim citizens have occupied some of the highest positions in the country since independence in 1947.
Sikhism: Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism in the 15th century stressed the unity of God and the brotherhood of man. Sikhism, with its affirmation of God as the one supreme truth and its ideals of discipline and spiritual striving, soon won many followers. It was perhaps possible only in this hospitable land that two religions as diverse as Hinduism and Islam could come together in a third, namely Sikhism.
Christianity: Christianity reached India not long after Christ's own lifetime, with the arrival of St. Thomas, the Apostle. The Syrian Christian Church in the south traces its roots to the visit of St. Thomas. With the arrival of St. Francis Xavier in 1542 the Roman Catholic faith was established in India. Today Christians of several denominations practice their faith freely.
Zoroastrianism: In the days of the old Persian empire, Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion in West Asia, and in the form of Mithraism, it spread over vast areas of the Roman empire, as far as Britain. After the Islamic conquest of Iran, a few intrepid Zoroastrians left their homeland and sought refuge in India. The first group is said to have reached Diu in about 766 AD. Their total world population probably does not exceed 130,000. With the exception of some 10,000 in Iran, almost all of them live in India, the vast majority concentrated in Bombay. The Parsees excel in industry and commerce, and contribute richly to the intellectual and artistic life of the nation.
Judaism: Jewish contact with the Malabar Coast in Kerala, dates back to 973 BC when King Solomon's merchant fleet began trading for spices and other fabled treasures. Scholars say that the Jews first settled in Cranganore, soon after the Babylonian conquest of Judea in 586 BC. The immigrants were well received and a Hindu king granted to Joseph Rabban, a Jewish leader, a tittle and a principality.
What are the Basic Elements of an Image?
- Pixel: It is the most basic element of an image. It is basically a colored dot on the screen. A computer image consists of these pixels arranged in rows and columns.
- Resolution: It is basically the number of pixels(width x height) displayed in an image. Some of the most common screen resolutions are 320 x 200, 640 x 480, 800 x 600, 1024 x 768 etc…
- Aspect Ratio: It is defined as the ratio of Pixel’s width to the Pixel’s height. This ratio is being calculated because not all images are square. In 640 x 480, 800 x 600, and 1024 x 768 mode, the Aspect Ratio is 1:1 or 1, i.e. the pixels are perfectly square.
- Colors: Each color consists of 3-basic colors: Red, Green and Blue(RGB). An RGB value is the mixture of Red, Green and Blue to make other colors.
- Number of Colors: It is also known as Color Depth. It describes how many colors can be displayed on your screen at once. It is described in terms of bits and referes to the amount of memory used to represent a single pixel. eg. 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit color.
What is VoIP?
VoIP is Voice over Internet Protocol.
In this technique, the Analog Audio Signals are converted into Digital data and are then transmitted over the internet. In other words, you can use VoIP as a replacement to the conventional Telephone, in order to talk to people across the globe.
There are a number of free VoIP softwares are available on internet, using which you can connect to your friends or relatives anywhere across the Globe.
In this technique, the Analog Audio Signals are converted into Digital data and are then transmitted over the internet. In other words, you can use VoIP as a replacement to the conventional Telephone, in order to talk to people across the globe.
There are a number of free VoIP softwares are available on internet, using which you can connect to your friends or relatives anywhere across the Globe.
What is the difference between Internal Combustion Engine and External Combustion Engine?
In an Internal Combustion Engine, the Fuel is burnt in the cylinder or vessel eg. Diesel or Petrol engine used in Cars.
In an External Combustion Engine, the internal working fuel is not burnt. Here the fluid is being heated from an external source. The fuel is heated and expanded through the internal mechanism of the engine resulting in work. eg. Steam Turbine, Steam engine Trains.
In an External Combustion Engine, the internal working fuel is not burnt. Here the fluid is being heated from an external source. The fuel is heated and expanded through the internal mechanism of the engine resulting in work. eg. Steam Turbine, Steam engine Trains.
How to avoid the Internet Scam popularly known as “Phishing”?
- If you receive an unexpected e-mail saying your account will be shut down unless you confirm your billing information, do not reply or click any links in the e-mail body.
- Before submitting financial information through a Web site, look for the “lock” icon on the browser’s status bar. It means your information is secure during transmission.
- If you are uncertain about the information, contact the company through an address or telephone number you know to be genuine.
- If you unknowingly supplied personal or financial information, contact your bank and credit card company immediately.
- Suspicious e-mail can be forwarded to uce@ftc.gov, and complaints should be filed with the state attorney general’s office or through the FTC at www.ftc.gov.
What are various roles that Game Developers do?
As the game programmer, it is good to keep in mind that the more of the other game development roles you can fill, the better. That is, if you can do some of the other jobs involved in game development, then you will own more of the final product. Let’s consider what other jobs game developers do.
1- Programmer: The whole world revolves around the programmer. The programmer is the one who takes the unrealistic expectations of everybody else and finds a way to make them work. If the producer wants to change the user interface at the last minute, it’s the programmer who stays up all night making the change. If the artist can’t figure out how SVGA palettes work, it’s the programmer who writes a color-reducing and palette-matching utility. Without theprogrammer, there would be no computer games.
2- Artist: Artists are important too. In some games, such as Myst, I will grudgingly admit the artists played a more critical role than the programmer. This is the exception however, not the rule. The rule is, the programmer is the pivotal element in all game development. These days, many artists prefer to be called “animators”. Manygarbagemen prefer to be called “sanitation engineers” too, but it doesn’t make a bit of difference in what they actually do.
3- Musician: They make music. They can make sound effects too. There are a lot of them, and there is barely enough work to go around. Most of them are starving.
4- Producer: The producer oversees game development and makes sure all the elements of the development are in place. A producer may, for example, acquire resources for programmers and artists, may hand out money, and may give orders. Sometimes a programmer or an artist may play the role of producer, which often works well. Sometimes aproducer is a low-level manager with no particular game development talent, who nonetheless involves himself in micro-managing the development process. This occasionally spells disaster.
5- Designer: This is a nebulous term. Sometimes the producer thinks he is the designer, when actually the programmer is the designer. The artist should be the designer, being that he has the creative talent, but nobody pays attention to the artist. Sometimes a person comes out of nowhere and declares himself to be designer, and asks for millions of dollars for selling a title and a story line. Ha! Fat chance. If you are a programmer and you need design help, look to an experienced designer with a track record in the type of game you want to develop. There are people who actually excel at designing levels, puzzles, likeable characters and entertaining story lines. Tom Hall, formerly of id Software, comes to mind as a successful and well-loved game designer. Really good designers like Tom are rare.
6- Play Tester: Play testers sometimes also act as beta testers. Technically speaking, the beta tester tests for bugs and the play tester tests for playability. But since most games are under-funded and behind schedule, both functions are generally ignored more often than they should be. If you want to break into game development, and you live in the Silicon Valley area, you may be able to get a job as a play tester. It’s kind of like breaking into rock ‘n roll by being aroadie. Sure you’re there, but you’ll never be the star.
7- Publisher: This is the guy in the suit who smokes a cigar and blows the smoke in your face. He is very good at telling you why his part of the job is really the hard part, and since he is taking all the risks, he should keep 95% of the profits and you should be grateful for your 5%. Less deductions. Paid 6 months after he gets paid. Which is 9 months after the game hits the shelves. It’s a good job, if you can get it.
8- Lone Wolf: This is a programmer like we people. Now I have learned where my strengths lie, and I find other people to give me artwork, music, design help and publishing help. But I still take over each job when I need to. If the artwork isn’t perfect, I fire up my paint program and make adjustments myself. If I can’t reach a deal with a publisher, I self publish on the web . Sometimes I even make my own sound effects by hooking a cheap microphone up to my Sound Blaster card. The point is, I don’t take a salary, I am not dependent on anybody else, and I have the freedom to choose and abandon my own projects, and to move on when I feel like it. Being a lone wolf isn’t for everybody, but to me it is the best of all possible worlds.
1- Programmer: The whole world revolves around the programmer. The programmer is the one who takes the unrealistic expectations of everybody else and finds a way to make them work. If the producer wants to change the user interface at the last minute, it’s the programmer who stays up all night making the change. If the artist can’t figure out how SVGA palettes work, it’s the programmer who writes a color-reducing and palette-matching utility. Without theprogrammer, there would be no computer games.
2- Artist: Artists are important too. In some games, such as Myst, I will grudgingly admit the artists played a more critical role than the programmer. This is the exception however, not the rule. The rule is, the programmer is the pivotal element in all game development. These days, many artists prefer to be called “animators”. Manygarbagemen prefer to be called “sanitation engineers” too, but it doesn’t make a bit of difference in what they actually do.
3- Musician: They make music. They can make sound effects too. There are a lot of them, and there is barely enough work to go around. Most of them are starving.
4- Producer: The producer oversees game development and makes sure all the elements of the development are in place. A producer may, for example, acquire resources for programmers and artists, may hand out money, and may give orders. Sometimes a programmer or an artist may play the role of producer, which often works well. Sometimes aproducer is a low-level manager with no particular game development talent, who nonetheless involves himself in micro-managing the development process. This occasionally spells disaster.
5- Designer: This is a nebulous term. Sometimes the producer thinks he is the designer, when actually the programmer is the designer. The artist should be the designer, being that he has the creative talent, but nobody pays attention to the artist. Sometimes a person comes out of nowhere and declares himself to be designer, and asks for millions of dollars for selling a title and a story line. Ha! Fat chance. If you are a programmer and you need design help, look to an experienced designer with a track record in the type of game you want to develop. There are people who actually excel at designing levels, puzzles, likeable characters and entertaining story lines. Tom Hall, formerly of id Software, comes to mind as a successful and well-loved game designer. Really good designers like Tom are rare.
6- Play Tester: Play testers sometimes also act as beta testers. Technically speaking, the beta tester tests for bugs and the play tester tests for playability. But since most games are under-funded and behind schedule, both functions are generally ignored more often than they should be. If you want to break into game development, and you live in the Silicon Valley area, you may be able to get a job as a play tester. It’s kind of like breaking into rock ‘n roll by being aroadie. Sure you’re there, but you’ll never be the star.
7- Publisher: This is the guy in the suit who smokes a cigar and blows the smoke in your face. He is very good at telling you why his part of the job is really the hard part, and since he is taking all the risks, he should keep 95% of the profits and you should be grateful for your 5%. Less deductions. Paid 6 months after he gets paid. Which is 9 months after the game hits the shelves. It’s a good job, if you can get it.
8- Lone Wolf: This is a programmer like we people. Now I have learned where my strengths lie, and I find other people to give me artwork, music, design help and publishing help. But I still take over each job when I need to. If the artwork isn’t perfect, I fire up my paint program and make adjustments myself. If I can’t reach a deal with a publisher, I self publish on the web . Sometimes I even make my own sound effects by hooking a cheap microphone up to my Sound Blaster card. The point is, I don’t take a salary, I am not dependent on anybody else, and I have the freedom to choose and abandon my own projects, and to move on when I feel like it. Being a lone wolf isn’t for everybody, but to me it is the best of all possible worlds.
What is a Game Engine?
Most people think of a game engine as the underlying code to a computer game, plus the utilities used to create the game. So, what exactly is a Game Engine?
A game engine is the reusable, underlying code for a game, along with the collection of tools and utilities used to create the game. A game engine usually consists of two parts: a game skeleton that can be used as a template for other games, and a game editor for processing artwork. The game editor is actually a collection of tools for building games. You can use the game editor to create tiles, edit levels, import and edit sprites, and manage files. The second part of the game engine, the game template, should be thought of as a skeleton for creating side-scrolling arcade games.
A game engine should be flexible enough so that it can be easily modified to accommodate a great number and variety of games. It should also be powerful enough to be significantly useful. That means the developer using the game engine will have a major advantage over the developer starting from scratch. The game engine should give the developer extensive functionality without getting in the way when the developer wants to be experimental. The game engine should also be thoroughly tested, and should have practical, as well as theoretical, applications.
A game engine is the reusable, underlying code for a game, along with the collection of tools and utilities used to create the game. A game engine usually consists of two parts: a game skeleton that can be used as a template for other games, and a game editor for processing artwork. The game editor is actually a collection of tools for building games. You can use the game editor to create tiles, edit levels, import and edit sprites, and manage files. The second part of the game engine, the game template, should be thought of as a skeleton for creating side-scrolling arcade games.
A game engine should be flexible enough so that it can be easily modified to accommodate a great number and variety of games. It should also be powerful enough to be significantly useful. That means the developer using the game engine will have a major advantage over the developer starting from scratch. The game engine should give the developer extensive functionality without getting in the way when the developer wants to be experimental. The game engine should also be thoroughly tested, and should have practical, as well as theoretical, applications.
Which are the various AI(Artificial Intelligence) Techniques used in Games?
AI(Artificial Intelligence): Techniques used to emulate the human thought process in a computer.
Types of Game AI:
Generally, the following 3 types of AI is being used in most of the games:
Types of Game AI:
Generally, the following 3 types of AI is being used in most of the games:
- Roaming AI
- Behavioral AI
- Strategic AI
1- Roaming AI: It models the movement of game objects. i.e. the decisions made by game objects that determine how they roam around in a virtual game world.
Basically, roaming AI is used whenever a computer controlled object must make a decision to alter its current path, either to achieve the desired result in the game or simply to conform to a particular movement patternn.Types of roaming AI:
· chasing
· evading
· patterned roaming
- Chasing: It is a type of roaming AI in which a game object tracks and goes after another game object or objects. This approach is used in many shoot-em-up games where an alien or enemy chases after player’s ship or car or bike or the player himself. It is implemented by altering the alien’s velocity or position based on the current position of the player’s ship.
- Evading: It is the logical counterpart to chasing. it is another type of roaming AI in which a game object tries to get away from another object or objects.
- Patterned roaming: It is a type of roaming AI that uses a predefined set of movements for a game object. Patterns can include circles,figure eights, zigzags, or even more complex movements.
2- Behavioral AI: This type of gaming AI uses a mixture of all three roaming AI algorithms to give game objects specific behaviors.. eg. if you want the alien or enemy to chase sometimes, evade other times, follow a pattern some other times, and may be even act randomly every once in a while. behavioral AI can also be used to alter the difficulty of the game. eg. You would like to favor a chasing algorithm more than random or patterned movement to make the aliens or enemies more aggressive in the higher levels of a game.
3- Strategic AI: Any AI designed to play a game with a fixed set of well defined rules is known as strategic AI. eg. a computer controlled chess player would use strategic AI to determine each move based on trying to improve the chances of winning the game.
Strategic AI tend to vary more based on the nature of the game because it is so tightly linked to the rules of the game.
What is Phishing?
Phishing is also known as Carding or Brand Spoofing. It uses e-mail messages that seem to come from legitimate businesses that one might be dealing with eg. banks, online shopping websites like eBay, PayPal, Amazon etc., Internet Service Providers like AOL, MSN, Yahoo etc.. These message might look quite authentic having Corporate Logos and message formats, which are similar to the ones sent by the actual businesses or companies. These messages generally ask for verification of User Ids, Account Numbers and Passwords. Around 20% of the users fall in their trap and end up giving their personal information, which leads to heavy losses for them as well as the companies.
What are Mutual Funds?
A Mutual Fund is a portfolio, or collection of securities(stocks, bonds, money market instruments, debt instruments etc.) managed according to a specific objective or purpose. Investors pool their money in the Mutual Fund, and the Fund or Fund Manager invest their money in various securities on their behalf. Mutual Funds are priced at the end of the day unlike the Stocks(whose value changes every minute).
Which are the various types of Computer Networks?
Computer Networks are basically of 2-types:
- Client/Server: These kind of networks consist of 2-types of computers. One is called as Client and the other is called Server. Clients are computers sitting on the desks of employees of a company, or in our houses, or in schools and colleges. Servers are more powerful computers and are held in a central location or locations within an organization. Client send a request to the Server, the Server processes that request and sends back the result to the Client.
- Peer to Peer Networks: These kind of networks consists of a number of computers connected to each other but they donot have servers. Files can be shared between computers, and a printer connected to one computer can be accessed by another computer. These kind of networks are easier to setup as compared to Client/Server Networks.
Check out some interesting Questions related to Game Development in the Forthcoming Posts…
What is ERP?
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning.
ERP is a package with the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as a whole, for effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise. Initially, ERP was targeted for manufacturing industry mainly for planning and managing core business like production and financial market. As the growth and merits of ERP package ERP software is designed for basic process of a company from manufacturing to small shops with a target of integrating information across the company.
Check out some interesting Questions related to ERP in the Forthcoming Posts…
ERP is a package with the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as a whole, for effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise. Initially, ERP was targeted for manufacturing industry mainly for planning and managing core business like production and financial market. As the growth and merits of ERP package ERP software is designed for basic process of a company from manufacturing to small shops with a target of integrating information across the company.
Check out some interesting Questions related to ERP in the Forthcoming Posts…
What are the minimum requirements to be a Game Programmer/Developer?
To begin with, you need to know how to program in some language. Thepreferred languages for game programmers are C and C++. I have no opinion on which is better, either one will take you far. If you are just getting started, and you haven’t learned C or C++ yet, you can write games in another language. Lots of perfectly good games have been written in BASIC, Pascal, and Delphi. Years ago I wrote some pretty games in Fortran. It doesn’t matter that much what language you use, as long as you have mastered it.
Some knowledge of assembly language programming is important if you are planning on writing your own low-level graphics routines. If you not ready to tackle assembly language yet, don’t worry about it. You can use a commercial graphics library, such as Fastgraph to accomplish the desired result.
You will need a (legal, not borrowed copy of a) compiler. If you don’t have a compiler, click here for some suggestions.
You will need some way to generate artwork for your program. A paint program is good. A rendering program is better. A talented artist is better yet. Whether you create your pictures yourself, scan them, use clip art, or pay big bucks to a professional artist, plan on having some source of artwork.
That’s it! That’s all you really need to get started. If you are reading this online, then I will assume you also have a good, fast computer, a modem, and some form of online communication. These are valuable and will help you a lot.
Of course, there is one other element which I haven’t discussed, and that is talent. You have to be a good programmer, with creative problem-solving skills. I assume you think you have that, becauseotherwise you wouldn’t still be reading.
Check out some interesting Questions related to Game Development in the Forthcoming Posts…
Some knowledge of assembly language programming is important if you are planning on writing your own low-level graphics routines. If you not ready to tackle assembly language yet, don’t worry about it. You can use a commercial graphics library, such as Fastgraph to accomplish the desired result.
You will need a (legal, not borrowed copy of a) compiler. If you don’t have a compiler, click here for some suggestions.
You will need some way to generate artwork for your program. A paint program is good. A rendering program is better. A talented artist is better yet. Whether you create your pictures yourself, scan them, use clip art, or pay big bucks to a professional artist, plan on having some source of artwork.
That’s it! That’s all you really need to get started. If you are reading this online, then I will assume you also have a good, fast computer, a modem, and some form of online communication. These are valuable and will help you a lot.
Of course, there is one other element which I haven’t discussed, and that is talent. You have to be a good programmer, with creative problem-solving skills. I assume you think you have that, becauseotherwise you wouldn’t still be reading.
Check out some interesting Questions related to Game Development in the Forthcoming Posts…
What is MVC?
MVC refers to Model View Architecture. It is an Architectural Pattern used in Software Engineering.
The Model is an interface to the Backend System(or database) and is resposible for providing data to the entire Application.
A View is responsible for processing the presentation logic and for the browser output. In simple words, a View is what the end user see on his/her Browser.
A Controller handles the dataflow between the model and the view in both directions.
So, basically, in MVC, a Controller receives a request, takes on action on that request(updates the model, or retrieves data from the model), and passes control to the corresponding view.
The main advantage of MVC architecture is that it makes it easier to separate the work. ie. It allows programmers to work on View separately from the Controller.
MVC architecture was first implemented in Smalltalk-80. Nowadays, it is being used in SAP Webdynpro.
Check out some interesting Questions related to Software Architecture in the Forthcoming Posts…
What is Bluetooth?
Some years back, I had a fight with a hefty guy in my neighborhood. After that day, he never fought with me, not because he was sacred of me, but because I don’t want that heavy punch again on my face :-). My face was fully swollen, and one of my teeth changed its color. Since then people call me the Bluetooth guy :-).
Jokes apart, let me explain to you what exactly this Bluetooth is…
Bluetooth is basically a kind of Wireless Technology which is being used for short-range communication between portable or fixed devices. It’s a low power, low cost technology used by a large number of people across the globe. Any Bluetooth enabled device, almost anywhere in this world, can connect to other Bluetooth devices in its range or proximity. The approximate range of Bluetooth which is being commonly used in Mobile Phones is around 10 meters (or 30 feet).
It can handle both data and voice transmissions simultaneously.
It can be used for various purposes:
Jokes apart, let me explain to you what exactly this Bluetooth is…
Bluetooth is basically a kind of Wireless Technology which is being used for short-range communication between portable or fixed devices. It’s a low power, low cost technology used by a large number of people across the globe. Any Bluetooth enabled device, almost anywhere in this world, can connect to other Bluetooth devices in its range or proximity. The approximate range of Bluetooth which is being commonly used in Mobile Phones is around 10 meters (or 30 feet).
It can handle both data and voice transmissions simultaneously.
It can be used for various purposes:
- Data transfer between a number of devices. Data can be in the form of different file formats eg.mp3, wav, mpeg, txt, jpeg, bmp, pdf etc..
- Hand-free headset for voice calls
- Printing and Fax
- Synchronizing PDAs, Mobile Phones, Laptops
- Etc… etc…
There are 2 types of specification versions available:
- Version 2.0 + Enhanced Data Rate(EDR)
- Version 1.2
MORAL of the Story: You dont need to fight with a Wrestler, when a Mobile Phone solves the purpose :-).
Check out some interesting Questions related to Bluetooth in the Forthcoming Posts…
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